PGC-1αis a transcriptional coactivator that regulates the genes involved in energy metabolism. It is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. This protein interacts with the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ， which permits the interaction of this protein with multiple transcription factors. This protein can interact with， and regulate the activities of， cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and nuclear respiratory factors (NRFs). It provides a direct link between external physiological stimuli and the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis， and is a major factor causing slow-twitch rather than fast-twitch muscle fiber types. Endurance exercise has been shown to activate the PGC-1α gene in human skeletal muscle. Exercise-induced PGC-1αin skeletal muscle increases autophagy and unfolded protein response. PGC-1α protein may be also involved in controlling blood pressure， regulating cellular cholesterol homoeostasis， and the development of obesity.